Itzik Ben-Gan has a great series of articals about table expressions, focus on four types of named table expressions: derived tables, common table expressions (CTEs), views, and inline table-valued functions (inline TVFs).
Fundamentals of table expressions, Part 1
Fundamentals of table expressions, Part 2 – Derived tables, logical considerations
Fundamentals of table expressions, Part 3 – Derived tables, optimization considerations
Fundamentals of table expressions, Part 4 – Derived tables, optimization considerations, continued
Fundamentals of table expressions, Part 5 – CTEs, logical considerations
Fundamentals of table expressions, Part 6 – Recursive CTEs
Fundamentals of table expressions, Part 7 – CTEs, optimization considerations
Fundamentals of table expressions, Part 8 – CTEs, optimization considerations continued
Fundamentals of table expressions, Part 9 – Views, compared with derived tables and CTEs
Fundamentals of table expressions, Part 10 – Views, SELECT *, and DDL changes
Fundamentals of Table Expressions, Part 11 – Views, Modification Considerations
Fundamentals of Table Expressions, Part 12 – Inline Table-Valued Functions
Fundamentals of Table Expressions, Part 13 – Inline Table-Valued Functions, continued
The challenge is on! Community call for creating the fastest number series generator
Number series generator challenge solutions – Part 1
Number series generator challenge solutions – Part 2
Number series generator challenge solutions – Part 3
Number series generator challenge solutions – Part 4
Number series generator challenge solutions – Part 5