There are time that the SQL Server instance might not be able to start up due to tempdb files are not accessable. To change the tempdb file location, you can start up the instance with minimal configuration, using parameter -f
net start mssql$NamedInstance -f
You can also use trace flag 3608 that tells SQL Server not to start up/recover any database but master.
Once the instance is start up, you can then connect using either SQLCMD for SSMS to change the tempdb file location. Please make sure the SQL Server service account has required access permission to the file location specified.
alter database tempdb modify file (name=tempdev, filename = 'e:\temp\tempdb.mdf')
Please note, when SQL Server start with minimal configuration, the instance is in single-user mode. Make sure SQL Agnet service is not started, and need to stop it if it’s started, so you can connect using SQLCMD or SSMS.