In Windows, you can use following Powershell script to explicitly enable remote access to your SQL Server instance (substitute the DisplayName and LocalPort accordingly).
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "SQLServer default instance" -Direction Inbound -LocalPort 1433 -Protocol TCP -Action Allow
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "SQLServer Browser service" -Direction Inbound -LocalPort 1434 -Protocol UDP -Action Allow
You can find more information about ports used by various SQL Server services in this articals Configure the Windows Firewall to allow SQL Server access.
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